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Gli edifici di culto

"The early Christians used the catacombs" is a myth of Protestant, Catholic Poles curiously echoed by novelists of the nineteenth century and entered the popular imagination in the twentieth century with the blockbuster Hollywood and Cinecittà . Some environments some of the catacombs were place of pilgrimage, and only after IV \\ V century.

"The early Christians met in private houses": there is no testimony by the way, although the statement may be true if it refers to the earliest days of the Church, or - later - the transformation of some environment some sort of aristocratic villa in a private chapel . A Dura Europos on the Euphrates, certainly before the 246 Christians had endowed with their own place of worship: a large room, decorated, complete with a baptismal font topped canopy (almost playing the Tomb of Christ ).

"The early Christians used the basilicas (Civil): First - and so in all other cases - must agree on where and when . However, apart from the fact that there is no documentation about it should be said that the churches (civil) continued to be used: the life of a Town Hall was pur continuare! Non è neppure sicuro che gli architetti cristiani abbiano utilizzato le basiliche (civili) come modello : vedi il caso della grandissima cattedrale di Aquileia, i cui lavori certamente iniziarono appena – 305 – sparì dalla scena Diocleziano.

“I primi cristiani trasformarono in chiese i templi pagani”. Può darsi invece che a lungo se ne siano tenuti ben lontano: a) ritenendoli per così dire infestati; b) per marcare la differenza tra il culto cristiano e i culti demoniaci; c) per non entrare inutilmente in conflitto con gli idolatri che continuarono a usarli per centuries; d) because - and especially - by their very architecture were not at all suitable needs of Christian worship. Much later, only after they were abandoned altogether and for some time, the pagan temples were used as quarries to extract columns and materials to build churches, or were turned into churches, but probably as best solution : it is not impossible, for example, that the temple of Athena on the island of Ortigia has been transformed into a church (in the sixth century) simply because of the Orthodox churches were destroyed by Syracuse ariani (dai Vandali); san Gregorio d’Agrigento, attorno al 692 ristrutturò come sua cattedrale il tempio (ormai abbandonato da secoli) di Eber e Raps sol perché la cattedrale urbana era occupata dagli eretici. Considerando la struttura dei templi greco-romani, si consideri comunque che era più facile abbatterli che adattarli alle esigenze del culto cristiano (e a proposito del punto b) di cui sopra, si consideri la ritrosia che ebbero i cristiani addirittura nell’uso dell’incenso, ritrosia che permane tuttora nell’Occidente latino, dove i costumi pagani – e i pagani stessi – sopravvissero a lungo).